Project Management and Critical Path Essay

What is venture the executives, and what are its primary targets? What is the connection among undertakings and occasions, or achievements? What is a work breakdown structure? How would you make one? What are task examples, and how might you remember them? Analyze the favorable circumstances and disservices of Gantt and PERT/CPM diagrams. Characterize the accompanying terms: best-case gauge, plausible case gauge, and most pessimistic scenario gauge, and depict how venture directors utilize these ideas. How does a venture chief figure start and finish times? What is a basic way, and for what reason is it imperative to extend administrators? How would you distinguish the basic way? What are some undertaking announcing and correspondence procedures? What is chance administration, and for what reason is it significant? In Poor Richard’s Almanac, Benjamin Franklin wrote the recognizable lines: â€Å"For the need of a nail the shoe was lost, for the need of a shoe the pony was lost, for the need of a pony the rider was lost, for the need of a rider the fight was lost, for the need of a fight the realm was lost †and just for the need of a horseshoe nail.† Looking at the result looking back, could extend the board ideas have evaded the loss of the realm? Clarify your answers. At Countywide Construction, you are attempting to persuade your manager that he ought to consider current undertaking the executives procedures to deal with an unpredictable venture. Your manager says that he doesn’t need anything extravagant, and that he can figure the complete time without much forethought. To demonstrate your point, you choose to utilize an extremely straightforward case of a business con-struction venture, with eight undertakings. You make a theoretical work breakdown struc-ture, as follows: Prepare the establishment (10 days). At that point collect the structure (4 days). At the point when the structure is gathered, start two errands on the double: Finish the inside work (4 days) and set up an arrangement for the last structure investigation (30 days). At the point when the inside work is done, start two additional undertakings without a moment's delay: finishing (5 days) and carport clearing (2 days). At the point when the finishing and garage are done, do the painting (5 days). At long last, when the artwork is done and the last review has happened, organize the deal (3 days). Presently you request that your manager gauge the complete time and compose his answer on a bit of paper. You take a gander at the paper and see that his speculation isn't right. 1. What is the right answer? 2. What is the basic way? 3. Make a Gantt graph that shows the WBS. 4. Make a PERT/CPM diagram. â€â€â€â€- What are the five inquiries normally utilized in reality finding? What extra inquiry can be posed during this procedure? What is a frameworks necessity, and how are frameworks prerequisites arranged? What are JAD and RAD, and how would they contrast from conventional truth discovering strategies? What are their upsides and downsides? What is complete expense of possession (TCO), and for what reason is it significant? Give instances of shut finished, open-finished, and scope of-reaction questions. What are three sorts of examining, and for what reason would you use them? What is the Hawthorne Effect? For what reason is it critical? What is a practical deterioration chart (FDD) and for what reason would you utilize one? Disclose how to make a FDD. What are coordinated techniques, and what are a few advantages and disadvantages of this methodology? What exactly three distinct crowds may you need to give an introduction? How might the introduction vary for each? â€â€â€ A gathering meeting once in a while is recommended as a helpful trade off among meetings and surveys. In such a gathering meeting, one frameworks examiner meets with and poses inquiries of various clients one after another. Examine the focal points and disad-vantages of such a gathering meeting. â€â€- Elmwood College Situation: The school is thinking about another framework that will accelerate the enrollment procedure. As a frameworks expert, you are approached to build up an arrangement for truth finding. 1. Rundown all the potential strategies that you may utilize. 2. Portray a bit of leeway for every method. 3. Assume the advancement financial plan is tight. In what manner may that influence the reality discovering process? 4. What are five significant inquiries to use during truth finding?

Contract for an Independent HR Contractor and the Importance of Having Research Paper

Agreement for an Independent HR Contractor and the Importance of Having A Contract - Research Paper Example As the paper announces when an organization utilizes self employed entities, it must be completely settled that there is no â€Å"employer-representative relationship† between the laborer and the organization, and the better method to make this understood cut is by going into an agreement that might be called, Independent Contractor’s Agreement. It is basic that an agreement ought to be executed, wherein all the terms and conditions ought to be obviously expressed that could fortify what had been verbally settled upon by the business and the self employed entity. As a general rule, when there is an agreement, it could undoubtedly forestall the misclassification of the other normal workers. An agreement would effectively separate the self employed entity from the ordinary representative. This report focuses on that all agreements should begin by announcing the characters of the gatherings who will be the signatories in the agreement, and they are the self employed entity, who could be the consultant or the office who will gracefully unforeseen laborers, and the organization who will recruit the self employed entity/s. This ought to be trailed by the foundation of what the self employed entity can do, and what he is outfitted with, and it is now that it ought to be referenced whether the temporary worker has a permit or not, when it is explicitly required, and that the organization is envious of drawing in the autonomous contractor’s abilities or aptitude.

Are Energy Drinks Addictive

Are Energy Drinks Addictive More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Are energy drinks addictive, or do they  have other harmful side effects? As energy drinks continue to enjoy popularity, consumers dont know whether these beverages, associated with sports and an active lifestyle, are good or bad for them. And with many energy drinks marketed to children, parents wonder whether they are part of a healthy lifestyle for kids. Ingredients of Energy Drinks The ingredients of energy drinks vary a great deal from one brand to another, but many of them contain potentially harmful substances, such as caffeine, taurine, sugars, sweeteners, and  herbal supplements. Although energy drinks are easily confused with sports drinks and vitamin waters, they are actually quite distinct in that sports drinks and vitamin waters may be suitable for rehydration, whereas energy drinks are not. Some of the ingredients in energy drinks carry potential risks, so these beverages typically provide little or no health benefits and can cause drug interactions. The main psychoactive ingredient in energy drinks is caffeine, typically containing from three to five times the amount contained in cola, with the highest concentrations found in energy shots. Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system, which has effects on the brain that make you feel more alert by blocking the message that tells your brain you are tired. While many people find the effects of caffeine pleasantly refreshing, for some, it can induce anxiety, depression and other unpleasant side effects. Consumption of Energy Drinks by Kids Kids are consuming more and more caffeine in the form of soda and energy drinks. The average caffeine consumption of teens in the U.S. is 60-70 mg per day, but it can be as high as 700 mg per day. About a third of American teens and half of college students regularly consume energy drinks.?? Many caffeinated beverages, including energy drinks, are deliberately marketed to kids. And the reputation of energy drinks as a rather illicit substance â€" speed in a can, liquid cocaine and a legal drug â€" actually fueled their popularity when introduced in Austria after years of legal resistance. The excitement generated in young people at the thought of risk-taking is unfortunate and at the same time, cynically manipulated by advertisers. Alcoholic energy drinks are particularly concerning as a commodity marketed to risk-taking youth. In this context, energy drinks can even be seen as a gateway drug, paving the way to experimentation with other substances. Early On-Set Drinking Is Linked to Later Alcohol Use Disorders Health Risks There are a number of health risks associated with energy drinks, including: Caffeine intoxicationCaffeine withdrawal symptoms, including headachesCaffeine overdose, which can be life-threateningCardiovascular problemsRaised blood pressureObesitySleep disordersCalcium deficiencyDental problemsIncreased postprandial hyperglycemia, particularly concerning for people with diabetesElectrolyte disorders, particularly concerning for people with eating disorders Possible Drug Interactions In addition, there is a risk of drug interactions when energy drinks are combined with:Medications for ADD/ADHDAntidepressant medications, including MAOIs and SSRIsOver-the-counter painkillers, which can contain caffeine Safe Limits to Energy Drink Consumption in Kids As a psychoactive drug, it would not be appropriate to consider any consumption of caffeine by children or teens to be safe.?? A better way to think about it is to limit kids daily caffeine intake to below 2.5 mg per kg of body weight for children, and 100 mg per day for teens. And remember, energy drinks typically contain a lot of sugar, which can be addictive. Daily sugar consumption in childhood has been linked to violence later in life,?? and sugar addiction is harmful to kids. It is just one type of food addiction that can continue into adulthood and is a major contributor to the current obesity  epidemic in kids and adults. Remember that many everyday foods  and drinks contain caffeine and these should be included in your daily consumption calculations. How Different Stimulants From Caffeine to Cocaine Are Addictive

Difference Between Baroque Art And Renaissance Art

The Renaissance era and the Baroque era are two very distinct periods in art history that hold different styles of art. The Renaissance was a period from the 14th to 17th century that sparked a cultural movement in Renaissance art. The Baroque was a period in art history that started around 1600. Renaissance art was a distinct style of art that involved painting, sculpture, and other forms of art. Renaissance artists created artworks that represented religion, frescos, and privately commissioned art. During this era, artists used techniques such as chiaroscuro, foreshortening, and proportion. Baroque art was a style of art that was meant to evoke emotion, and the figures in the artworks were generally in motion, and not still. In this†¦show more content†¦Also, the facial expression of Michelangelo’s David is one of anger. In contrast, Bernini’s David depicts David during his battle with Goliath with a sling in his hand as he is ready to throw the stone at Goli ath. Berninis David epitomizes the Baroque era as it depicts David in motion and evokes emotion which is very important in Baroque art. When looking at how different the artists depict David, it is evident that the artistic styles of these two artists differ immensely. Moreover, Leonardo da Vinci and Tintoretto’s works of art each reflect a different time period that is distinct to its counterpart. Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper is a direct reflection of the Renaissance era, while Tintorettos Last Supper demonstrates a transition to the Baroque. Leonardo’s narrative appears to have been painted in the fresco style while Tintoretto’s looks to be an oil on canvas. By observing both art pieces, it is evident that the layout of the events are different, since da Vinci’s Last Supper is much more structured than Tintoretto’s. In da Vinci’s art, a large and long table is seen with all the figures behind it. The painting is symmetrical with Jesus in the center, and the same amount of figures on either side of him. The opening of the wall behind Jesus acts as a sort of architectural type of halo, and the natural light frames Jesus. By looking at the center of the fresco, one can see that there is aShow More RelatedWgu Iwt1 Task 11405 Words   |  6 PagesFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES – Task 1 A1 - Renaissance The Renaissance period began in Italy around 1300 and spread throughout Europe during the 1400 and 1500’s. This period signified the beginning path to incredible change in customs, ways of life and institutions that had existed in Europe for almost a thousand years. Many of the new ideas of this period still influence our lives today. The beginning of this period the European countryside was broken up intoRead MoreComparing Art And The Baroque Eras989 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Art of the Renaissance and the Baroque Eras The Renaissance and the Baroque eras created some of the most famous works of art produced in the world. The two eras expressed differences in style and theme, but they also have many characteristics in common. To better understand the similarities of the eras it will be described by the characteristics, styles and the influences of each; Renaissance and Baroque works of art. Famous artist from the Renaissance era were Leonard da Vinci and MichelangeloRead MoreComparison/Contrast Renaisssance and Baroque Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600)Read MoreEssay on Renaisssance versus Baroque Periods967 Words   |  4 Pages The baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600)Read MoreMannerism and Baroque1152 Words   |  5 PagesMannerism and Baroque Western Governors University Literature, Arts and the Humanities: Analysis and Interpretation IWT1 May 8, 2013 Mannerism and Baroque If you study art history at any length, you will become aware of the many different periods and their individual characteristics. There are prime times throughout art history that the general populations can easily identify such as Renaissance or Impressionism. They might even be able to name a few of the artists or their artworkRead MoreThe Renaissance And The Baroque Period1501 Words   |  7 Pages Studying art throughout history shows how each time period built and reflected on the ones before it. While artists in some time periods create wildly different styles from the past, others reflect back on the styles and methods of the artists in times before them. The Renaissance is an excellent example of an era in which the art was a reflection of past methods, styles, and subject matter. We can see this through Michelangelo’s David. The Baroque period often had subjects similar to the RenaissanceRead MoreRenaissance vs Baroque1497 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance: the development of linear  perspective  and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting, and gradual but widespread  educational  reform . In politics the Renaissance contributed the development of the conventions of diplomacy, and in science an increased reliance on observation. Renaissance scholars employed the  humanist  method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art   Florentine painters led byMasaccio  strove to portray the human form realisticallyRead MoreEssay Time Capsule1406 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluential art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. To find these capsules would be to travel back in time and hold in ones hands the true measure of what the humanities has accomplished during its evolution. Art The Renaissance was perceived as a rebirth of ancient traditions. It breathed new life into the artists of its time with the development of new techniques and new artistic sensibilities. The art created during the Renaissance marks theRead MoreThe Blessed Lodovica Albertoni ( Fig )1639 Words   |  7 Pagesto maintain an organised view of the history of art. However, defining a piece, or an artist, as belonging uniquely to a certain style reduce the possibilities of a different reading of them. To illustrate this point, I will comment the Blessed Lodovica Albertoni (fig.1), a sculpture of the 17th Century by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, focusing on the approach of Rudolf Wittkower (1901-71) in his book Gian Lorenzo Bernini: the sculptor of the Roman baroque. Although the addition of the subtitle clearly definesRead MoreBaroque Art: Protestant vs. Catholic Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesBaroque: Protestant vs. Catholic Before the purity of Neoclassicism, even before the carefree artists of the Rococo era, there was the dramatic and emotive Baroque. The term baroque is said to have been derived from the Portuguese word for an irregular pearl, and is certainly an adequate description. In the wake of what has become known as the Protest Reformation, the Catholic Church held the infamous Council of Trent. This eighteen year deliberation addressed several aspects of Catholicism

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Extended Essay Topics Ib

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Extended Essay Topics Ib Textbooks should not ever be the only supply of information. Comparisons aren't the only way to acquire a grade A EE. Students should begin with making a plot, and then the remainder of the write up should be based on such a plot. They need to be cautious about maintaining a consistent point of view. Essays written at the degree of a newspaper or news magazine article are unlikely to reach a high mark. Whether there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it could be too narrow. To begin with, find what you actually wish to explore. The idea forming of the EE procedure is most likely the toughest bit since you don't even understand what you're doing yet but you have to write 4000 words. Consult your IB coordinator if you are not certain if you're on a particular timeline. Talking over your preferred topic with your supervisor should hopefully avoid choosing a poor topic. The Appeal of Extended Essay Topics Ib In the procedure for gathering information and brainstorming you have to remember to write down everything you've consulted as you go along to be able to have the ability to create a bibliography or list of references. It is vital that the question chosen is limited in scope letting them examine about the issue or issue in depth. You have to find a topic that will readily let you collect data within the parameters set. If it is essential to include more non-chemistry (for instance, geological) information, then the acceptable location for it's the appendix. In the event the practical work is perform ed in an industrial or university laboratory, the essay ought to be accompanied by means of a letter from the external supervisor outlining the character of the supervision and the amount of guidance provided. Your topic ought to have critical examination on issue about relevant techniques, arguments and theories of a couple of subjects. A protracted essay is among the most crucial elements of your IB Diploma. All kinds of essays that are given on several subjects may be completed by the experts as a result of lengthy experience in the area. My essay would turn into a completely different beast. You believe that your extended essay is long, but you have to read it for many times. A lengthy essay is one which you won't finish overnight. It is a type of academic writing assignment, which success depends on the structure. It is clear that a history teacher really isn't the very best match if you're writing a protracted definition essay about Math. The best method is to check through some wonderful extended essay examples. If you understand what you will do in writing your extended essay, be certain that you have EE geography topics so you can choose what to write. When the topic was approved, you have to be able to draft the principal idea of your extended essay. If you would like to deepen in the essay topic, you can choose several other sources with detailed details on your essay topic. Additionally, by definition, some topics aren't acceptable for a protracted essay in physics, which is an experimental science with a particular strategy and techniques. Be that as it might, the topic for your essay is a critical thing that has to be chosen carefully and with higher precision. Your essay has to be planned in the manner it has a coherent and logical structure. The essay outline can help you place your thoughts with each other, and have a very clear idea about what the essay ought to be all about. You will construct your complete extended essay around it.

Anthem for Doomed Youth Free Essays

Choose a poem in which you feel there is a significant moment which reveals the central idea of the poem; show how the poet achieves this in an effective way. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. The poet achieves this through many poetic techniques such as depersonalisation and alliteration. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthem for Doomed Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first hint of content of the poem comes in the title, the paradox of ‘Doomed Youth’ implies that it will not be a happy poem but the first line is significant as the central idea of the poem is revealed. â€Å"What passing bells for those who die as cattle?† The rhetorical question at the very beginning of the poem draws the reader in making them think fully about the ideas carried on through the rest of the poem. From the very start we are aware that the people who are dying are not considered important as the writer refers to the people as ‘those’. Also the depersonalisation as he calls them ‘cattle’ implies that they were thought to be no more than animals. They also lose their own personal identities. ‘Cattle’ also implies that the men do not have voices and needs that anyone else – anyone human – can understand. As a reader I feel that opening the poem with a rhetorical question is very effective. However in the second line of the poem Owen personifies the guns – ‘monstrous anger’ – showing that the guns are worth more and have a louder voice than the men who are dying, which links to the first line as the men were depersonalised. Also Owen uses the word ‘stuttering’ to describe the rifles which could imply that the soldiers are young and nervous referring to ‘youth’ in the title. The reader feels sympathetic towards the young soldiers. Again Owen implies that the soldiers are not seen as individuals by the use of ‘Can patter out their hasty orisons’. By using the word ‘their’ Owen shows how the soldiers were grouped together. This idea is carried on to the next line with ‘No mockeries for them’ as he refers to the men as ‘them.’ The idea of ‘mockeries,’ ‘prayers’, ‘bells’ and ‘mourning’ all are associated with death and funerals, but the repeated use of ‘No’ tells us that no one respected the soldiers enough for a proper burial, it could also imply too many of the soldiers were dying. This also relates to the question at the beginning of the poem. The reader feels angry that the soldiers are not respected in their deaths. Although the second stanza starts the same way as the first stanza – with a rhetorical question – the ideas suggested are different. â€Å"What candle may be held to speed them all?† Unlike the first rhetorical question this implies that there is not anything good or big enough to show respect to all the soldiers who died in the war. This rhetorical question also links the first and second stanzas together as they both start the same way. Also death is portrayed in a more positive light, as the people at home respect the soldiers. This is shown by the ‘holy glimmers of goodbyes’ by the use of the word ‘holy’ the poet shows the reader that the soldiers were respected greatly. Owen also implies that only in death with the torture of war end which makes the reader feel sympathy for the soldiers and anger for the pointless destruction that war causes. In contrast to the treatment of the soldiers in the first stanza the writer tells the reader that the soldiers will be missed as he says about the women at home: â€Å"the pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall;† This shows that they were worried about their husbands, brothers and sons. This is carried through the next line when Owen tells the reader ‘their flowers the tenderness of patient minds’ showing that the war is not only affecting the soldiers but their loved ones who are left behind. This makes the reader sympathetic towards the soldiers and their family and friends. The idea of respect is carried on in the last line as the alliteration of ‘And each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds.’ slows down the pace of the words and ‘drawing down of blinds’ symbolises the end of another soldiers life as drawing down blinds was a mark of respect when someone died. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. Through many poetic techniques such as word choice, alliteration and personification the writer effectively creates a moment which the central idea is revealed. How to cite Anthem for Doomed Youth, Papers Anthem For Doomed Youth Free Essays Throughout this poem there is a theme of mourning and funeral. In the first stanza it is almost sarcastic with instruments of war conducting a service on the battlefield for their victims. The guns become ‘passing-bells’ and shells become ‘demented choirs’. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthem For Doomed Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second stanza takes us back home where the true mourners are. The poet speaks of how ‘the holy glimmers of goodbyes’ will shine in the eyes of boys instead of their hands and how ‘the pallor of girls’ brows’ being the ‘pall’ of the dead. The last two lines, for me carry the greatest effect and meaning: ‘Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds’ The first is about the disappointment of people who have worried and waited for a long time and whose pain can only be expressed in small gestures or things such as flowers. The second could be interpreted in many different ways. It could be referring to the custom of drawing down of blinds but it could also be about the end of a life and hope leaving as reality settles. These two lines also delineate the pointlessness of hoping as the dead were ‘doomed’ and predestined for slaughter in the way that ‘cattle’ are in the first place. ‘Anthem For Doomed Youth’ is structured like a sonnet and has a very strong rhyme which never appears to be forced and does not interrupt the meaning of the poetry. Indeed, most things about the structure and choice of language appear to be unforced as they are so well incorporated with one another and only after the second reading does one realise how carefully thought out they are. In the first stanza, there is a large use of onomatopoeia: ‘stuttering’, ‘rattle’, ‘patter’, ‘wailing’. This has the effect of bringing the reader to the battlefield. Wilfred Owen has personified the warfare and made the rifles ‘stutter’ and the shells ‘wail’. He has also made them come to life; guns cannot be angry and neither can shells be ‘mourning’. This forms an image in the first stanza that is slightly ‘demented’ and disturbing. He often repeats vowel sounds and uses alliteration throughout the poem. In ‘the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle’ the ‘a’ sound is repeated along with the alliteration of the ‘t’s. The words of the poem are cleverly chosen to heighten the expression of the poem in the way it is read. For instance, in the quotation about the rifles above, the alliteration he has chosen to make makes the sound interrupted and quickens the pace. This also reminds of the panic and rushing of war. In the final lines the words are not ones that can be said quickly: ‘flowers’, ‘patient’, ‘minds’, ‘slow’, ‘blinds’. This dramatically slows the pace of reading and makes them more expressive because it makes the reader think that the poem also dies with the soldiers or the hopes for the soldiers’ lives. What is interesting is that there are no phrases that bind this poem to the First World War. Of course, it was written about it, but if given to a reader who did not know about Wilfred Owen or his works, they could think it was about any or all wars after the invention of the rifle. The poem does not mention trenches or gas. ‘These who die as cattle’ are not necessarily British, neither are they necessarily of any side in war; they are the collective dead. ‘The guns’ are not our guns or their guns. In the preface for a book of poems he intended to publish, Wilfred Owen wrote ‘My Subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity.’ ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ is unique in that the pity is not only for the soldiers of the First World War, but also for those who suffered the loss of people they loved. It can be raised to a universal level where it comments on the shame and futility of all wars. In his other poetry, there is often blame involved but in this poem he evokes an air of sadness and waste only. There is genius behind the phrasing of it, but it is almost hidden because of its perfection. How to cite Anthem For Doomed Youth, Papers

Norma Rea Essays - English-language Films, Infanticide, Norma

Norma Rea Norma Rae was seen in many different ways by people. In the beginning Norma's qualities were different than those at the end. Norma Rae changes and it is for the better. One of Norma's bad qualities is that she is dependent on men. As for seen with George. He treats he like a hoe and, gives her no respect. He is very abusive towards her, like when they were in the hotel room and he slapped her across the face. Her father treats her as a little girl. He is always in her business, he is always wanting to know where she is going, when she is coming home and who she is seeing. Norma has some good qualities; she is a very hard worker. She works at a textile factory for many hours and then she goes home and cleans and takes care of the house. She is also a very outspoken women. If she doesn't like someone or something they say, she lets them know how she feels about it. Her boss is a major jerk. He doesn't care about their health or feelings. To give an example, when her and mother went to him because her mother couldn't hear, he was not interested, and he just brushed them off. Norma is a strong woman, but people just take advantage of her. Changes. Norma Rae definitely went through many changes. Ruben I think was her first change. Ruben was the young man from the union. I think she made her first change when he told her "your too smart for what's happing to you." I believe this is when she gave her self more respect. Ruben got her to also join the union. She than starts getting relay involved in it and during all this she meets a man named sonny. Sonny and her become very close and fall in love and end up marring. She persuades her other co-workers to also join the union. One day her father dies. This was a major change in Normas life. She loved her father dearly. If things couldn't get better, she is fired from her job. Norma was outraged by this, and caused a scene. She stood on a machine and held up a sign that read "union." Following, where her co-workers, they all shut down their machines and quite working. She was then put in jail for this. This was a total embarrassment to her and her family. She was very angry at herself. She called Ruben to come bail her out. The first thing she did when she got home was wake up her kids. She knew there was going to be negative talk about her in the town. She sat down with her children and told them who their real fathers where. She did not want them to find out by people gossiping. One final change came. The union won. They had did it, they won. Everyone was so happy they were finally going to have good, decent working conditions. Norma's qualities have had such a turn around. She is so much stronger. She is a very faithful woman; like she had many opportunities to cheat on Sonny with Ruben, but she never did. She was very confident, as she believed in Ruben and the union. She had so much determination to get the union in the factory. She had tremendous courage to just put her whole life on the line and go along with the union. I think this whole thing made her such an independent woman; and made her such a better person. My opinion of the movie was it was a great movie. It made me thank there is a union, so I can have good, fair working conditions. This movie was very true, and that is what really happened. I love Norma, I think she is such a strong person. I know she made some bad choices, but everyone does. I think she is an all around good person, and she helped change many lives. Norma Rae is a hard working woman.

Quiz Do you have what it takes to become a virtual assistant

Quiz Do you have what it takes to become a virtual assistant Virtual assistants, also known as VAs; have become a popular option for people who want to work remotely. Despite popular belief, virtual assistants are not limited to just clerical work. In fact, the career varies depending on the company. Â  Some may require a VA with a specialized skill set that fitss the company and the tasks that are needed to get done. Others may not. If you are considering becoming a virtual assistant, but aren’t sure if you would be a good fit, Â  this quiz is the perfect test to find out!Source [Playbuzz]

Microeconomics Versus Macroeconomics

Microeconomics Versus Macroeconomics Microeconomics and macroeconomics are two of the largest subdivisions of the study of economics wherein micro- refers to the observation of small economic units like the effects of government regulations on individual markets and consumer decision making and macro- refers to the big picture version of economics like how interest rates are determines and why some countries economies grow faster than others. According to comedian P.J. O’Rourke, â€Å"microeconomics concerns things that economists are specifically wrong about, while macroeconomics concerns things economists are wrong about generally. Or to be more technical, microeconomics is about the money you don’t have, and macroeconomics is about money the government is out of.† Although this humorous observation pokes fun at economists, the description is accurate. However, a closer observation of both fields of economic discourse will provide a better understanding of the basics of economic theory and study. Microeconomics: Individual Markets Those who have studied Latin know that the prefix â€Å"micro-â€Å" means â€Å"small,† so it shouldn’t be surprising that microeconomics is the study of small economic units. The field of microeconomics is concerned with things like consumer decision making and utility maximizationfirm production and profit maximizationindividual market equilibriumeffects of government regulation on individual marketsexternalities and other market side effects Put another way, microeconomics concerns itself with the behavior of individual markets, such as the markets for oranges, the market for cable television, or the market for skilled workers as opposed to the overall markets for produce, electronics, or the entire workforce. Microeconomics is essential for local governance, business and personal financing, specific stock investment research, and individual market predictions for venture capitalistic endeavors. Macroeconomics: The Big Picture Macroeconomics, on the other hand, can be thought of as the â€Å"big picture† version of economics. Rather than analyzing individual markets, macroeconomics focuses on aggregate production and consumption in an economy, the overall statistics that macroeconomists miss. Some topics that macroeconomists study include effects of general taxes such as income and sales taxes on output and pricescauses of economic upswings and downturnseffects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic healtheffects of and process for determining  interest ratescauses for some economies growing faster than other economies To study economics at this level, researchers must be able to combine different goods and services produced in a way that reflects their relative contributions to aggregate output. This is generally done using the concept of the  gross domestic product  (GDP), and goods and services get weighted by their market prices. The Relationship Between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics There is an obvious relationship between microeconomics and macroeconomics in that aggregate production and consumption levels are the result of choices made by individual households and firms, and some macroeconomic models explicitly make this connection by incorporating microfoundations. Most of the economic topics covered on television and in newspapers are of the macroeconomic variety, but it’s important to remember that economics is about more than just trying to figure out when the economy is going to improve and what the Fed is doing with interest rates, its also about observing local economies and specific markets for goods and services. Although many economists specialize in one field or the other, no matter which study one pursues, the other will have to be utilized in order to understand the implications of certain trends and conditions on both the micro and macro economic levels.

Anlysis of the Russian real estate market Essay

Anlysis of the Russian real estate market - Essay Example Real estate products can range from apartment spaces to residential villa spaces in the category of residential products and office spaces, shopping mall spaces to fully developed industrial estates in the category of commercial and business real estate products. The sizes and locations of such real estate products make for a distinct pricing pattern and the concepts of demand and supply apply to each category of such products and help determine the prices. In fact control of the market ,while seemingly impossible due to heavy investments involved-is also not improbable in some degrees where large real estate houses can control and a determine a particular real estate product. The overall picture in the real estate market is largely subservient to the state of the economy; however; in some international instances the real estate sector has either partly or completely belied the state of the economy. In the US itself, for example, the mortgage market saw a slump which was incommensura te with the overall health of the economy; in fact, the horse seems to be driven by the cart in the sense that the mortgages markets threatened to bring down with it the overall US economy. This underscores the importance of the real estate market for the economy as a whole while also explaining the symbiotic relationship between the two. This paper would focus on the analysis of the Russian real estate markets. The core importance would be attached to the Moscow real estate markets as Moscow happens to be the most important city space in the entire Russia. Methodology The methodological tool would essentially involve a thorough and in-depth literature analysis in search of arguments and facts that help us determine the state of the real estate markets in Russia at an a latest date. In additon, wherever required, the paper would also endeavor to include relevant secondary data and figures so as to support the arguments sifted out in the literature review. The paper would conclude with comments on the prevailing state of the Russian real estate markets in nutshell. The paper is written with a view to guide a prospective foreign investor. The literature review would be deployed to gather arguments to substantiate above research objectives and to establish arguments in the research. This research methodology was a detailed, descriptive analysis of the arguments presented in the available research evidence. The research method essentially entailed conduct of intensive interrogation of published documentary materials with the explicit aim of addressing the above stated issues which this paper deals with, providing a critique of existing theory and positions. Standard search approaches were used to retrieve the sample of published and unpublished studies for this in-depth literature review. Appropriate on-line journals were also searched. Citations in bibliographies of identified studies were reviewed to uncover additional references. Retrieval using the ancestry method was used as it is a most fruitful approach.The overall view of the literature review based research method would be a view usually taken in phenomenology . Phenomenology is a science which focuses on describing particular phenomena as lived experience. The

Experience of Illness and Disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Experience of Illness and Disability - Essay Example This study analyses Michael’s case, where interview reveals a number of social perspectives on his view regarding health. Through drawing from literature concepts and critically analysing the case study, specific aspects that will be covered are the lay health beliefs, illness behaviour, social support and practitioner-client interaction as they gradually progress in Michael’s illness narrative. The guiding thesis for this study is that a sociological viewpoint is pivotal in establishing the experience of illness and thus determining health outcomes. Studying lay health beliefs is critical to the healthcare industry due to a number of reasons; it helps understand practitioner-client relationships; it aids design of effective health education programs; most of healthcare work is carried out by lay people in terms of self-care or friend-family care (Nettleton 2006, pp. 35-36). Lay ideas and concepts about health are socially mediated and vary according to several considerations including time, social location, cultural contexts and socio-economic conditions. There appears to be points of divergences and convergences between expert knowledge and lay beliefs about explanations and definitions of health, health behaviour and the relationship between health maintenance and disease prevention (36). According to Gabe, Bury and Elston (2004, pp. 135-136), individual beliefs about illness, health and healthcare are vital in establishing illness behaviour such as non-compliance and the decision to visit a physician among others. Such belie fs are shaped by broader cultural and social factors that are also context dependent, influencing the actions taken by the individual for instance through the lay referral system where individuals consult family and friends about visiting a doctor (67). Besides, lay beliefs about health influence individual lifestyles and risks that have a bearing on such individuals’ health and

One Language In The World

One Language In The World As countries communicating more and more today and without any doubt to be a larger extent in the future, people often predicate that if the world developed to be united enough and then all people will speak the same language for daily communication. Is it realistic? How long will it take to fulfill such a dream? English, as the acknowledged official language for international communication, has been accepted by more and more people over the world since it can bring benefit for almost all who can speak it. Many countries also make policies to train the young people to become good English speakers. Can English become the only one language in the future and other languages will be eradicated? This essay will give analysis from some perspectives. The essay will start with discussing about what will happen if the prediction of eradication of variation of existing languages came true. In this part, it will also introduce the history of Esperanto which is acknowledged as world language by most people. Following this, it will introduce what are languages related to mainly in five perspectives which are history, culture, social status, profession and worldview. Finally, the essay will focus on whether English has the possibility to become the only one language in the future. It would be Perfect if Variation of Existing Languages could be Eradicated It is true that the world will be operated more harmoniously if all people speak the same language. Generally speaking, as the most important tools for communication among people, language is also considered as the first factor differing human from animals (Lonely Publications, 2007). It is developed as society occurred and developed. People who often speak the same dialect in the same nation can live together with less confliction. Due to the good communication, a nation can bind together as time goes. Finally, the nation become an integrate body, by which the human race developed more and more rapidly and leave the animals behind far away. Therefore, it can be concluded that language homogeneity promote the group developing more. However, language homogeneity does not exist among the whole word due to the long time of separation of people from different continents. As some nations have the ability to travel across seas and reach other continents, communication become source of ther e divisions. Wars then become the consequences of this misunderstanding of languages. To some extent, it is true that language is the divisive force for different groups and areas (Crystal, 2001). In fact, some elites of the old years have given serious thought about whether it was possible for people from different countries and nations can solve the conflicts through promoting implementation of the same language across the world. Hundreds of years before, they started to dream that there was a kind of language which can be called world language could be produced to make the world get united in short time. Actually, in the human history, world language did have been created. Esperanto, a language invented by an eye doctor named Lazaro Ludoviko has been acknowledged as the world language by people. Although after creation of the language more than 50 thousands of works have been published in Esperanto, it finally did not avoid being eliminated by the time (Polinsky Comrie Matthews, 2003). As an ideal trial, the invention of Esperanto reflected the dream that people want to create a completely impartial language to benefit the world. It was failed due to lack of root in any n ations economic and cultural life. The consequence also proved that language had to set root on the nations history and experience. Impossibility of Eradication of Languages Although it can be seen that language homogeneity can produce much benefit for the human race politically and economically, it is impossible for the entire world speak the same language in the foreseeable future. People once predicted that when the worlds economic system come to stable enough and people really believed that only one language is superior to language varieties for their life, the nation and languages differences will go to elimination and will be taken place by language homogeneity (ONeill, 2008). However, how long will this consciousness come to be true in the future? It is obviously that at least in the next 100 years this will not be reached by the human race. Actually, formulation of languages is more complex than people thought. It is at least being affected by the following five factors: Firstly, Language development is an outcome resulted by long history to become the current mature communicative system. From the ancient times, as people invented their native language, it has been continuously improved to be more effective for communication (Putz, Martin Marjolyn, 2000). It can be seen that after being developed through thousands of years modern people can hardly recognize their native languages ancient edition. If they check back their ancient language, they would find it was not so easy to express precisely what they want. For instance, Chinese people have to spend large amount of time to learn the old language since most of their characters have already change their original meanings. Actually, all languages have taken a long period of time to evolve to the current forms, which will be difficult for a new language to achieve in short time. If a world language has been created now, can people have the patience to use it with a lot of confusions? The answer is obv ious. The world would be impossible have such far-sight to benefit their offspring to enjoy the language homogeneity. To some extent, language is spontaneous and can not be created on purpose. An existing language has been tested by its speakers through long period of time. It is naturally produced to meet needs for communication and developed also to meet need for better communication. English is now being learned by people from all over the world and have been impulsively promoted by authorities from many governments for nearly 100 years. Nevertheless it is still not mastered by most people from the countries learning it. A hundred-year time actually is very short for language development process. Therefore, the unification of language is hardly to achieve in one or two generations. Secondly, language is produced due to the need of communication but has developed to a more complex product which is also reflecting the culture of a nation, which also enhances difficulty of people from one nation quitting their current language (Botha . C. Knight, 2009). In other words, language is a kind of art and has been merged into many national feelings. For some people, their native language is not just for communication since they can also enjoy a lot more from appreciating it (Gordon, 005). Many people would have the experience of reading translated article from foreign great writers. Nevertheless it is always difficult to understand the original meaning of the author although the article is translated by the best linguists or translators. English learners usually find it is finally losing the beauty of the original works when reading it in their native language edition. And further, some works is classical not just due to its meaning but also attribute to its rhyme. This will make it impossible to reaching the feeling when it has been translated to other languages. And also, many people are pursuing in other jobs relating to languages such as Chinese calligraphy. A language has evolved to an art which is mainly emphasizing on its look and image. Therefore, the eradication of one language will not just force people dropping their familiar communicative tools but also will ask them to drop a long history of art which may be considered as their national treasure. Thirdly, social status of speakers of one language affects significantly whether it can develop into prosperity or go to extinction. There are thousands of sorts of languages ever being created and spoken by people all over the word in the history. But 90% of the languages can not avoid going to extinction and being forgotten forever by their native speakers, which was caused by the lower social class of the speakers (Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000). It is true that languages also have their social status as their speakers and they have been undergoing fierce competition from the time when created. From some examples this phenomenon can be explained in details. Why English gets some much attention all over the world today? Why many countries choose English as their second language. Its speakers social status may matter a lot to give the reason. After entering the 20th century, English speaking countries has developed to be the most powerful and wealthy areas, which means their dominance in ec onomical and political fields in the international interaction. If the word is perceived as a society, Americans and west Europeans are in the upper class without any doubt. Then English established its advantage in the competition process and now develop to be a language spoken by more than 2 billion speakers. From the example it can be seen that the power of a language is in deep relation to its speakers. Therefore, for a new created world language, its fate of development to some extent decided by whether the upper class have the interest to speak it. If it just can be promoted in a small group of people in lower social class, soon or later it will suffer from the result of those extinctive languages. In the foreseeable future, English is still the first consideration for most countries to communicate in international issues. If word language can come along, it is only can be English for its social status. Fourthly, language difference exists also connecting with the speakers profession. People can always guess what the persons job just through the way of his talk. Politician will always give speech agitatively while scientists speak in a way hard to understand but precise. University students will always talk their slang from which their status can be easy to tell. In addition to their talking style, profession vocabulary is also a decisive factor for language difference. For a non-native speaker, it is almost impossible for him or her to recognize the professional but important words. Therefore, as a mature developed language, it not just contains the daily communication and large amount of professional vocabulary should also be included to fulfill the professional need. Does it possible for a new language to get the complexity in short time? A world language as a good will to the world development may have difficultly to fulfill this requirement unless experiencing long history of e volution. The existence of this problem would lead to it is only possible to choose one widely used language to be the world language in the future. English may be the first consideration while there are also other possibilities such as French and Chinese and other languages that have developed to be a well round system. Fifthly, as a complex system, language is also a reflection of the speakers worldview. There are some explanations about what worldview is. The most direct one is that worldview is the overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world (Geoffrey, 2002). It has been proved that different nations have different worldview and people are taking a totally different perspective on those basic ontological issues from that in other nations. For some nations, their religious belief which differs from others can be reflected in their own language. But in another language, it may be difficult to find out vocabulary or expression to interpret their religious thought or behavior. However, religious beliefs for all nations are always the very important consideration for them to merge. For some people, religious belief is their motivation to be alive and if they can not find their religious belief in language change things will get seriously. Religious conflicts have led to a lot of w ars to world and this may happen when the languages of the word are forced to be get unified. Therefore, worldview of speakers of different language may be also a disturbing parameter to hinder they merge into each other. Possibility of English Developing into the only one Language of World When the world rolled into the 20th century, English speaking countries established their advantages in political and economical and cultural fields. In the 20th century, countries of the world went to together rapidly due to some transnational events such as the two world wars and communication in scientific and cultural and academic arrears. America became the dominant country of the word and has input much into other areas including technology and culture. Added to English basis left in the colonial countries across the world, English then has been chosen to be the most popular language for many countries (Mithen, 2005). In the 21st century, as globalization continues to evolve into deeper extent, the need of one international language would be more necessary for all the countries and it can be seen that English will continually take this important role. However, can the English become the first language for all the countries in the foreseeable future if it is developing as fast a s countries go to together? The answer is no. To some extent, English is the world language for transnational issues when people from different countries have to communicate for benefit. But no matter how English will be popular, it is still the first choice for non English speaking countries to communicate internationally, not the native language for their daily communication at family or at parties with local friends. As what has been said above, language is related to history, culture, social status, profession and worldview of the speakers. To accept English as the daily language and eradicate their current one, it is still far away from the communication just in official occasions. From the history it can be seen that only colonialism can input language into another countries and force them to forget their original language with high speed. But it will always bring tragic loss for the human race in many other areas. Therefore, English may still be the most popular language of t he world in the next centuries but will have no way to become the only one among the countries in the world. Conclusion In conclusion, the formulation of a language is more complex than people think. It is at least related to five aspects as the essay has discussed, which make it impossible for a new created language to reach the conditions. To become a language accepted and implemented broadly by people across world, the language should experienced long history of evolution to have the cultural basis. And also, it should be accepted by people from the main stream and from various religious groups. In addition, the new language would be possible contain vocabulary in many professional fields. Most of these features of language have to develop through thousands of years of implementation by people who take it. If possible, English may become the only one langue spoken by people all over the word in the future nevertheless it would be unable to realize in the next centuries. Therefore, it is impossible in the foreseeable future that variation within existing languages can be eradicated.

The Shape of the Water Stain

With my eyes heavy from exhaustion, I roll over and glance at the clock for the eighth time tonight: 2:37am. As I turn back over, my thoughts echoing stresses from the day I just survived, I sigh in desperation. It's only Wednesday, and despite my intense fatigue and futile attempts, for the third time this week, I cannot fall asleep. While I study the shape of the water stain on my ceiling, I try to imagine how many hours I have spent staring at that same spot and how many hours of sleep I have lost over the years. It's maddening. How can I be so incredibly tired but still find it nearly impossible to fall asleep? When I do finally fall asleep, why do I wake up still feeling exhausted? Why does this keep happening to me?Insomnia is acommon sleeping disorder that causes perpetual sleeplessness, and millions of people suffer from this disorder every day. According to Dr. David N. Neubauer of the Department of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, â€Å"thirty percent ofadults experience insomnia at least occasionally, and ten percent have persistent insomnia. † Furthermore, women, elderly people, and those with specific medical conditions are even more susceptible to the effects of insomnia. Routinely experiencing an insufficient amount of sleep has been linked to many extremely dangerous side effects. As stated by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults with sleep insufficiencies are at a high risk for developing chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, depression, and obesity, as well as cancer, increased mortality, and reduced quality of life and productivity (â€Å"Insufficient Sleep†). In the book, Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation, written for the National Academy of Sciences by the Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research, Harvey Colten and Bruce Altevogt note, â€Å"compared to healthy individuals, those suffering from sleep loss and sleep disorders are less productive, have an increased health care utilization, and have an increased likelihood of injury,† and alarmingly, â€Å"almost 20 percent of all serious car crash injuries in the general population are associated with driver sleepiness.† With an estimated 50 to 70 million adults in the US suffering from chronic sleep disorders (Colten and Altevogt), this issue and its side effects continue to grow even more concerning.Possible CausesBehavioral IssuesOne possible cause of insomnia are behavioral issues. In the book Adolescent Insomnia, Dr. J. R. Morrison, a professor of counseling, and Brian Storey, a research assistant at the University of San Diego, explain that, â€Å"behavioral issues that cause insomnia include ‘lifestyle' problems that are not conducive to sound sleep.† Examples of such habits include irregular bedtimes and rising hours, long naps during the day, and use of stimulants like coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages. Irregular bedtimes and excessive napping alters a patient's internal clock and makes it difficult for their brain to decipher whether it is the appropriate time for sleep or not. Additionally, The National Sleep Foundation states that, â€Å"certain substances and activities, including eating patterns, can contribute to insomnia.† In the article, â€Å"What Causes Insomnia?† the NSF mentions that consuming stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine, as well as alcohol and heavy meals can cause sleep disruption. Ingesting or using any of these substances creates high levels of brain activity. A hyperactive brain can make it extremely difficult to fall asleep and remain asleep.Even though lifestyle choices are considered to be a very prevalent cause of insomnia, there are certain researchers who believe otherwise. In the Medical News Todayjournal, Peter Crosta, who studied at Columbia University, says that â€Å"[T]here is often an underlying medical condition that causes chronic insomnia.† He continues to explain that lifestyle choices should not be considered a true cause of insomnia. Crosta believes that insomnia is not based on decisions that a patient makes for themselves, and it is solely based on medical factors alone.Chronic Medical ConditionsAnother potential cause for insomnia are chronic medical conditions. The National Sleep Foundation gives examples of these medical issues; those include â€Å"nasal/sinus allergies, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine problems, arthritis, asthma, and parkinson's disease.† These certain medical conditions create symptoms like crippling pain, runny nose, constant coughing, difficulty breathing, and tremors. Such symptoms make it nearly impossible for patients to be able fall asleep and stay asleep.In the article, â€Å"Ask Yourself 8 Questions,† in the Current Psychiatryjournal, Dr. David N Neubauer, describes how, â€Å"pain or discomfort caused by a medical condition may undermine sleep quality.† Neubauer goes on to explain that, â€Å"certain cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, rheumatologic, and orthopedic disorders are associated withinsomnia.† Essentially, he is saying that these medical conditions can cause symptoms that would make insufficient sleep more likely. Although these medical conditions causing insomnia is a widely accepted theory, J. R. Morrison and Brian Storey mention in their book, Adolescent Insomnia, that they believe that, â€Å"poor sleep is a learned habit,† as opposed to something caused by a medical condition. They explain that this theory is based upon how people can examine and adjust their sleeping habits and cure their insomnia. They do not believe that this would be possible if it were truly caused by those specific medical conditions.Psychological DisordersAnother possible cause of insomnia is an underlying psychological disorder. The National Sleep Foundation has found that â€Å"Insomnia can be caused by psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety.† Based on their studies, they have found that patients with major depressive disorders are at a much higher risk of developing insomnia. Furthermore, they described that certain symptoms of anxiety, such as tension and excessive worrying, cause high levels of brain activity which leads to chronic sleep deprivation.In the book Adolescent Insomnia, Dr. J. R. Morrison and Brian Storey discuss and explore several different aspects of insomnia. Morrison and Storey state that â€Å"psychological factors [of insomnia] include anxiety and depression.† The pair go on to explain that people who deal with anxiety often struggle to initially fall asleep, while those with depression tend to frequently awaken early in the morning and find themselves unable to fall back asleep. In either scenario, the psychological issue clearly creates a condition where the person is unable to gain sufficient sleep.Even though the evidence seems unambiguous, there is a possibility that psychological issues are not at the root of insomnia. â€Å"Although many people believe that psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety cause insomnia, the reverse may actually be true,† argues Henry Olders, an assistant professor of psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal. Olders bases his claim off of research done by The National Institutes of Mental Health. Their studies found that, â€Å"the risk of developing new depression was 39.8 times higher for insomniacs than for those without sleep problems.† Essentially, both the NIMH and Henry Olders have found that insomnia leads to an onset of depression and anxiety, as opposed to the other way around. Considering the results of this study, there is no way to fully conclude that insomnia is actually caused by psychological disorders.The most likely cause of insomnia is behavioral and lifestyle choices. There are more people in the United States that drink excessive amounts of caffeine, smoke cigarettes, and eat heavy meals before bedtime, than people with serious psychological or medical conditions. This means that most people with insomnia, most likely have made specific lifestyle decisions that caused it. If we do not do anything about the climbing rates of insomnia, our society will experience a higher rate of sleep deprivation. This will add to an already growing rate of motor vehicle accidents due to drowsy driving, as well as other sleep deprivation related disasters. On top of that those struggling with insomnia will e

The Mystery of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Essay - 2868 Words

The Mystery of the Lost Colony of Roanoke It was the age of discovery that first provoked intrigue and curiosity of new lands, particularly the Americas, and how the Europeans could expand to fit their society within the borders of this unknown and unexplored land. By the 1580s, more had been learned about the Americas, but any colonization until this point had not even been attempted. And so it was the English, under Queen Elizabeth Is rule, that were issued to establish a colony along the east coast of North America. However, when this great accomplishment was finally made in 1587, it was not long founded until its ultimate fate ended in the disappearance of the colony three years later, instantly creating one of the greatest†¦show more content†¦To his great disappointment, the queen refused permission for Raleigh to go and command the mission himself, so he passed the task along to his cousin, Sir Richard Grenville, who had already gained quite the reputation in leading voyages which provided him with the necess ary respect that was needed to successfully carry out the expedition that Raleigh expected. In April of 1585, Grenville was finally ready to set sail, with his acquired seven ships complemented by nearly six hundred men, one hundred of whom were to be settlers. Among this initial company were Ralph Lane, a professional soldier, who was also to be governor of the colony, John White, an artist, and Thomas Hariot, a scientific observer. On June 26 the expedition reached Ocracoke Island of the North Carolina coast but it was not until July 29 that they moved to Roanoke Island where they planted a settlement. The month of time in between had been occupied with exploring rivers and sounds of the region. By the time Grenville sailed away on August 25, to return to England, the party of men had unloaded the vessels, traded with the Indians, collected information about the country, erected huts, and prepared a settlement, Fort Raleigh,Show MoreRelatedThe Mystery Of The Lost Colony Of Roanoke2021 Words   |  9 PagesThe mystery of the Lost Colony of Roanoke is a puzzling mystery a bout what happened to the first English settlers in America. The question is, what actually happened to them, because even with evidence and research no one knows for absolute certain what actually did happen. The disappearance of an entire colony, who left behind a dismantled settlement and the word Croatoan etched into a tree has stumped many archaeologists. Countless theories have arisen, some more outrageous than the restRead MoreThe Mystery of the Lost Colony941 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries the disappearance of the Roanoke colonists has been one of the great mysteries in the historical community. Within the span of three years, 120 colonists disappeared from an English colony on Roanoke Island, a small piece of land off the coast of North Carolina. The evidence left behind barely gives us a clue as to what could have happened to the entire colony. With the testimony of John White, the leader of the colony that left the settlement to get more supplies, and what little evidenceRead MoreRoanoke Island: the Lost Colony1691 Words   |  7 PagesRoanoke Island: The Lost Colony Alycia Roberts HIST113 VC On July 22, 1587, long before the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth Rock, 117 hopeful colonists from England landed ashore onto a tiny island along the coast of what is today North Carolina. The group unpacked and founded a settlement, Roanoke Island. Then they vanished without a trace. The story of the Lost Colony has fascinated people across four centuries and remains one of the enduring mysteries of early America. There are several theoriesRead MoreWhy the Roanoke Colony Disappeared1120 Words   |  5 Pagesshore of, nowadays, North Carolina (Drye Willie, 2004). On the ship the ship is a pregnant women also known as Eleanor Dare, daughter of John White, and the mother of Virginia Dare; the first English born American child. 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One of the most prominent enigmas that has haunted historians for centuries is the disappearance of the Roanoke Island Colony, also known to many as The Lost Colony. After leaving for three years, the governor of Roanoke Island, John White, returned to find the settlement abandon. The only remaining clue was the word â€Å"CROATOAN† carved into a fence post and the letters â€Å"CRO† etched into a nearby tree. Several diverseRead MoreUnsolved Mysteries : The Lost Colony2458 Words   |  10 PagesUnsolved Mysteries - The Lost Colony During the 1500’s, the English started their first attempts at colonizing in the New World. One of the first colonies to settle in North America was named after the island on which they settled. That island was named the Roanoke Island. After a while of living on the island the colony had to return to England, since there had been a shortage of food and they had been attacked by nearby indians multiple times. A second group of English settlers also tried to settleRead MoreEssay on The Lost Roanoke Colony741 Words   |  3 Pagesthought by most of our general population to be the first colony in the New World. This is only half true. Jamestown is considered our first successful colony, however it was not our first attempt at a colony. There were a few attempts to colonize the New World before Jamestown and one in particular that is found to be interesting is Roanoke also known as the Lost Colony. It received this name due to the fact that the colonists that settled this colon y disappeared very mysteriously. This poses the questionRead MoreThe Disappearance Of The Lost Colony1598 Words   |  7 PagesPlymouth, England, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I to start a new life on the Outer Banks. This colony of over one hundred people disappeared from the Roanoke Island region, never to be seen again (Kramer 2). For over 400 years, historians and archeologists have attempted to determine what happened. Although there are several popular theories regarding the disappearance of the Lost Colony, the theory with the most evidence for being accurate is the migration theory. The two previous expeditions

Capital Structure And Financial Policies Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1520 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This paper review Omer Bravs empirical study on capital, capital structure and financial policy on privately held firms in respect of their public counterparts. Focus will be put on the main authors findings along with the brief description of the methodology and data used in support of the findings. Introduction Brav has empirically examined relatively unexplored topic from the perspective of privately held firms. He provides evidences that public and private companies have systematic differences regarding their financial policies, due to the fact that private equity capital is more expensive than the public equity capital. As main factors contributing to this, are stated ownership structure and information asymmetry. Moreover, he shows that access to public equity capital has influence on other aspects of firms funding and investments such as cash management and dividend policy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Capital Structure And Financial Policies Example For Free" essay for you Create order Methodology and Data Brav tests the trade-off and pecking order theories regarding their predictions of the systematic differences between public and private firms. He refers to the Myerss and Majlufs pecking order theory (1984) and its prediction that firms will rely less on equity and more on debt, as asymmetric information between insiders and outsiders increases. Author also refers to the trade off theory which predicts that firms tend to create optimum capital structure where marginal costs of the equity and debt equals. At the optimal debt ratio, private firms will prefer internal financing as it becomes more expensive to raise capital in the external markets. He groups the predictions into level and sensitivity effect. The consequence from level effect is that the probability that private firms choose equity over debt is lower compared to public firms, because for them equity has higher relative cost compared to the debt. The consequence from sensitivity effect is that private firms have more passive financial policies than public firms, as it is more costly for them to obtain equity capital. Under the assumption that private equity is more expensive than public equity, Brav formulated and examined the following level effect (L1, L2) and sensitivity effect (S1, S2, S3, S4) hypothesis: L1: Private firms have higher debt ratios than public firms; L2: Conditional on visiting the external capital market and facing the debt-equity choice, private firms are less likely to use equity than public firms; S1: Compared to public firms, private firms financial policies are more passive, that is, private firms are less likely to raise or retire capital; S2: Compared to public firms, private firms leverage is more sensitive to operational performance and less sensitive to other variables that the traditional trade-off theory predicts to be determinants of a firms capital structure; S3: The leverage of private firms exhibits greater persistence and lower adjustment s peed; S4: Compared to public firms, private firms financial policy is less in line with the target adjustment hypothesis. That is, the debt-equity choice of private firms exhibits a weaker tendency to move leverage toward its target. Concerning the data, Brav used several databases to obtain information about UK public and private firms for the period of 1993 to 2003: Financial Analysis Made Easy (FAME) database; SDC Platinum, Zephyr, Worldscope and World Development Indicators (WDI). The sample includes medium and large companies in compliance with the auditing requirements that is, companies which have annual sales of more than 350,000 pounds per annum before June 2000 and annual sales of more than 1,000,000 pounds after June 2000. Findings Summary Statistics show significant differences between private and public firms. For example, private firms have higher average and median short term debt ratios of 63.7% and 72.7% respectively, compared to the public firms with 36.9% and 29.0%, respectively. Brav argues that these major differences are caused by the fact that private firms are limited to the short-term borrowing on the debt market in providing liquidity, while public companies have more options such as combining equity and public debt. Additionally, firms decision for going public is determined by the greater growth rates and need for capital. Also, he found evidences that private companies who go public afterwards have decrease in their leverage and increase in the equity issuing. What he surprisingly discovered is that public firms have larger proportion of cash to total assets. Further, author focused his research on the access to public capital and its impact on firms financial policy. Using cross-sectiona l regression, he discovered more supporting evidences for hypothesis L1 and S2. His results are in line with Faulkender and Peterson (2006) findings: when frictions in the debt (equity) channel are larger, firms exhibits a preference for equity (debt) financing. Moreover, Brav shows that frictions have impact on leverage sensitivity to other variables, not only on the leverages level. Author fails to reject S3 hypothesis and concluded that private firms are more passive in rebalancing their leverage. He retested the hypothesis by following Frank and Goyal (2003) disaggregating deficits approach, and provided further evidences in support of S3 hypothesis which show that private firms finance each component of their deficit with more debt than equity. Differences in decision making between public and private firms to raise or retire capital are also investigated. Results show that public and private firms raise external capital only when they have to, and smaller the company is greater the probability to raise or retire capital. Brav explains that public firms are more active in issuance because of the lower costs. However, he offers an alternative explanation for more active capital issuance of public firms. He refers to Easterbook (1984) who argues that public firms have higher dividend payouts due to conflict of interest between managers and owners. In general, evidences are in favour of S1 hypothesis. Regarding L2 hypothesis, results show that dummy variable for public firms is highly positively significant which indicates that public firms prefer more equity over debt. Moreover, for all public and private firms in the sample, he calculated predicted probability that firm will choose equity and find out that predicted probability is greater for public than for private companies. Tests also support S4 hypothesis with only one exception: profitability effect is larger for private firms in repurchase regression. Author argues that this is due to the di fficulties of unprofitable private firms to obtain permission from banks for refinancing their debt. Furthermore in his analysis, Brav reveals that ownership structure and information asymmetry is the frictions which influence public equity to be less costly than private equity. Public companies are more in favour for equity financing because of the management control concerns. Issuing stocks is positively (negatively) related to the extent of managers (shareholders) control i.e. more stocks issuing, less dominant shareholders and more powerful managers. Taking into consideration public firms feature of strict separation between ownership and management, managers in public firms are willing to use issuing equity as a tool for control keeping. Additionally, Brav re-examined the debt-equity choice from the perspective of information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders by using a smaller sample. He shows that as private firms are less transparent and as equitys value is more se nsitive to information asymmetry than debts value, equity is more expensive and less attractive for private firms compared to the public firms. Given the above mentioned findings, Brav examined how financial policy affects firms debt ratios, cash management, investment decisions and dividend policy. Results from regression demonstrate that debt ratios of private firms are more affected by their performance as they adjust the leverage less often through the external capital markets compared to the public firms. Also, limited access to capital affects private companies to preserve more cash when are operating in favourable market conditions and to reduce it faster in crisis circumstances. Thus, private firms investment decisions in a situation of an increased profitability are lagging. Opposite of private firms, public firms use without a delay extra cash made to enhance their investments. Regarding the dividend policy, his findings show that it is more stable and less affected by changes in performance for public rather than for private firms. Conclusion Empirical study of Omar Brav has documented significant differences between public and private firms regarding their capital structure and financial policy. First, Brav shows that private firms prefer debt over capital compared to public firms, because of the higher relative cost of equity to the debt capital. Also, private firms have more passive financial policies than public firms, as it is more costly for them to obtain equity capital. Second, he identified ownership structure and information asymmetry as main contributors to the different capital structure and financial policy of private and public firms. In this direction, issuing stocks is negatively related to the extent of shareholders control. Thus, as private firms usually have few shareholders with significant control power, issuing equity becomes more costly option for them. In addition, he shows that cost of equity is higher for private firms, because they are less transparent and their equity value is more affected b y the information asymmetry than the debt value. At the end, Brav shows that limited access to capital has influence on private companies to preserve more cash and to delay investments in good times. More concrete, private firms debt ratios, investment decisions and dividend policy are more sensitive to their performance compared to the public companies.